Belmont Secondary

Geology 12

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Photo Review  

This page is always under construction. 
If you find a photo, diagram or video you think should be included 
please send a copy or link to mvosguenter@sd62.bc.ca 

TERM 3

Introduction

Introduction to Geology (Chapter 1) 

• Layered Earth Diagram 

Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere 

Surface Processes I

Weathering and Erosion (Chapters 5, 18 + 19)

• Photos:
  Weathering
  abrasion, acid rain-1, acid rain-2,  angles of repose (example), biological effect: lichen and trees, chemical weathering,  desert varnish,  differential weathering, exfoliation (examples: Coquihalla and Half Dome), frost wedging, mechanical weathering, oxidation, regolith,  soil profile (example), soil types, spheroidal weathering, talus, ventifact, ventifact - strange 
  Erosion 
  alluvial fan, desert pavement, dune migration (diagram), loess
  Mass Wasting
  creep-fence, creep-trees, debris avalanche,  deflation, landslide, Hope Slide, rock slide, scarp, scarp - diagram, slump, solifluction or frost creep (example)
  Prevention: debris flow - barrier, retaining walls - concrete, chain-linked fencing, rock and chain 

Surface Processes II

Running Water (Chapter 14)
Ground Water (Chapter 15)

• Photos:

  alluvial fan  aquifer  bedload  caprock  cone of depression  confined aquifer  deposition  deposition-stream  discharge  downcutting-1  downcutting-2  downcutting-3  flashflood-A

  flashflood-B  floodplain  floodplain terrace  graded bedding  gradient  groundwater  hoodoo  impermeable  meander formation  meander  meander-entrenched  mesa  mesa and rills

  oxbow formation  oxbows  perched  water tables  1  2  permeability  permeable vs porous  permeable vs      impermeable  porosity  potholes  river profile  saltation

  sinkholes  solution  solution pits  sorting  stream load  stream-parts  suspension  V-shaped valley1  V-shaped valley2  water flow  water table  zone of aeration  zone of saturation

Surface Processes III

Glaciers (Chapter 17)

• Photos: 
  glacial valley, horn, cirque, cirques & arête, arête & horns, nunataks, snout, erratic-Yellowstone, erratic-Washington, varves, kettle lake, kame terrace, striations, medial moraine, lateral moraines, terminal moraine, till, esker, outwash plain, rockflour, drumlin, calving 

Comparative Planetology
Inner and Outer Planets (Chapter 22)

• Photos: 

  • The Solar System 

  • NASA's Welcome to the Planets 

  • Summary of Solar System
    Asteroid Belt, Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud, Dwarf Planets 

  • Landslides - Earth1, Earth2, Moon, Mars 

  • Volcanism - Earth, Venus, Mars, Io, Comparison Chart 

  • Flowing Water - Earth, Mars 

  • Mudcracks - Earth vs Mars 

  • Wind - Earth, Mars 

  • Impact Craters - Mercury, Venus, Earth1, Earth2, Moon, Mars, Asteroids, Jupiter 

  • Tectonics - Earth, Ganymede 

Earth Resources

Mineral & Energy Resources (Chapters 20+21)

• Photos/Diagrams:
  • Formation of Coal 
  • Formation of Petroleum 
  • Fractional Distillation 
  • Acid Drainage 
• Videos:
  • Formation of Coal
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZS2Klye00A
  • Formation of Oil and Natural Gas Trap
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9Vj0jjd4ms
  • Fractional Distillation
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26AN1LfbUPc
  • Hydrocarbons
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAmC74l6RVg
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHRhEF91Zh8
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFIvXVMbII0 (element song)
  • Hydrothermal Vents (black smokers)
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D69hGvCsWgA
  • Placer Deposits - North to Alaska
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSt0NEESrUA
  • Remote Sensing - Finding Oil
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IG7L5lVoqy8
  • Anomalies
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsCkWhojcJI

Earth Materials (Rocks and Minerals)

Minerals (Chapter 2) 

• Photos

  • Silicate Minerals:
    quartz and varieties of quartz (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), potassium feldspar and plagioclase feldspar, albite (belongs to both feldspar groups), muscovite, biotite, and talc, augite (pyroxene) and hornblende (amphibole), garnet, asbestos, olivine  

  • Nonsilicate Minerals:
    oxides: hematite, limonite, magnetite
    sulphides: pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, bornite
    carbonates and sulphates: calcite, malachite, azurite, gypsum
    native elements, halides and phosphates: graphite, gold, copper, silver, sulfur, halite, fluorite, apatite 

  • Properties:
    hardness, streak, cleavage, effervescence (acid test), fracture, crystal shape, metallic luster, non-metallic luster, color 

• Mineral ID QUIZ - Online Practice 

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TERM 4

Volcanoes (Chapter 4)

• Anatomy of a Volcano:  diagram 1  or  diagram 2 

• Photos

  • types of volcanoes, landforms, hazards, types of plutons  

  • igneous rocks: granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite and anorthosite (ultramafic), andesite, rhyolite, basalt, obsidian, volcanic breccia 

  • textures: pegmatite, pumice, porphyry, coarse-grained, fine-grained, vesicular basalt, scoria1, scoria2, glassy, fragmental/pyroclastic, tuff, columnar jointing 

Igneous Rocks and Processes (Chapter 3) 

• Rock Cycle 

  • Rock Cycle Diagram and KEY  

  • Classification of Rocks - Summary Chart 

  • More rocks cycles... 

• Photos
  igneous rocks: granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite and anorthosite (ultramafic), andesite, rhyolite, basalt, obsidian, volcanic breccia 
  textures: pegmatite, pumice, porphyry, coarse-grained, fine-grained, vesicular basalt, scoria1, scoria2, glassy, fragmental/pyroclastic, tuff, columnar jointing 

Sedimentary Rocks (Chapter 6) 

• Photos 
  sedimentary rocks: conglomerate1, conglomerate2, breccia, sandstone1, sandstone2, sandstone3, siltstone, mudstone, shale1, shale2, shale3, limestone, oolitic limestone, fossiliferous limestone or coquina, chert and flint, gypsum, rock salt, potash, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, ironstones
  sedimentary features: stratification, crossbedding1, crossbedding2, ripplemarks, ripplemarks1, ripplemarks2, mudcracks1, mudcracks2, huge mudcracks, graded bedding1, graded bedding2, turbidite, varves1, varves2 
  fossils: trilobite in shale, turritella agate 
  organic structures: carbonate platform, carbonate platform1, carbonate platform2, stromatolites, stromatolites1, stromatolites2 

• BONUS - Identify the mystery photo. What is it and how was it formed?

Metamorphic Rocks (Chapter 7)

• Photos 
  foliated: slate1, slate2, slate3, phyllite1, phyllite2, schist1, schist2, gneiss1, gneiss2
  non-foliated: metaconglomerate (stretched pebble conglomerate), quartzite1, quartzite2, marble1, marble2
  micrograph: foliation 
  index minerals: garnet, staurolite 

Geologic Time

Relative Dating (Chapter 8) 
Absolute Dating (Chapter 8) 
Geologic Time Scale (Chapter 8) 
The Fossil Record  (lab activities)  

• Provincial Exam Data Sheet - Fossil Samples 

  • Fossil Samples (old version)
  • Fossil Samples (new version)

• Photos

  • William Smith and his map 

  • Continental Drift Animation 

  • KT-Boundary - Chixilub impact site 

  • "Must Know" Fossil Sample list 

  • Types of Fossilization 

  • stratigraphic principles: 
    superposition, inclusions-erosional, inclusions-plutonic, inclusions-xenoliths,  correlation-strata, correlation-fossils, index fossils,  unconformity animation, angular unconformity1, unconormity2, unconormity3, disconformity 

  • evolutionary terms
    adaptive radiation - Darwin's Finches, adaptive radiation - homologous structures, punctuated equilibrium, vs gradualism, punctuated equilibrium cartoon 

  • BONUS - Mystery Photo: Where is Fernie and what is the name of the fossil in the photo?

Internal Processes and Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics (Chapter 9) 

• Photos / Diagrams

accretionary wedge Benioff Zone continental drift convergent boundaries convection cell crust divergent boundary

Hawaiian Islands hotspot (1) hotspot (2) plate boundaries - map polarity reversal     / Juan de Fuca Ridge ridges and rises ridge push

sea floor spreading slab pull subduction  terrane / NA Terranes transform boundary     / fracture zone trench

• Videos:

  • Pillow Lava
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G8W9sZtBTM

  • Seafloor Spreading (Vine)
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRx66ZpEhOg

  • Mud volcano
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQw9lrsnp-4

  • Liquifaction
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngxG49Lf6co
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLZFlnND0hA
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=984cDMGokVY

Earthquakes (Chapter 10)

• Photos / Diagrams

dilatancy deep-focus earthquake  elastic rebound epicentre vs focus

fault creep / example liquefaction / example shear force / example seismic waves seismic gap

seismogram seismogram - types seismograph tsunami

Earth's Interior (Chapter 11) 

• Photos / Diagrams

Earth's interior (1)	Earth's interior (2)	Shadow Zone
Active Margin	Passive Margin	Seismic Evidence

Isostasy (Chapter 12)  

Isostasy is the vertical movement of the crust in response to buoyancy in the mantle. Variations in elevation are due both to thickness and density of the crust. 

 

Structural Geology (Chapter 12)

• Photos / Diagrams

 

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